In the realm of Chinese culture, Feng Shui, also known as Kan Yu in more scientific terms, has a profound and ancient history among the Han people. It is often referred to as Wujing or Qingnang, with a more scientific term being Kan Yu. Feng represents primordial energy and field force, while Shui symbolizes fluidity and change. Within the design of courtyards, the strategic placement of flora not only purifies the surrounding air but also delights the senses. Mountains prosper vitality, water attracts wealth; the harmonious coexistence of mountains and water enhances their respective strengths. Skillful courtyard designs have the power to enhance the energy field surrounding residences, thus elevating the lives and work of the occupants.
**Plant Selection and Arrangement:**
In ancient Chinese Feng Shui, it was emphasized that courtyards should be adorned with various trees and flowers. This practice not only had functions such as concealing water, deflecting wind, dispelling negative energy, and fostering auspiciousness but also reduced air pollution and noise hazards, creating a fresh and vibrant atmosphere.
**The Five Elements of Plants:**
According to the principles of mutual generation and mutual restraint, plants can be categorized into five major types: Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. Properly chosen and arranged, these plants can alter Feng Shui and bring prosperity.
1. **Metal – White, Apricot, Gold:**
Plants in the yellow spectrum, such as the money tree, narcissus, and kumquat, should be paired with metal flowerpots or accessories.
2. **Wood – Green:**
Green plants are suitable, especially seed-bearing plants, symbolizing growth, such as emerald plants.
3. **Water – Black, Blue:**
Hydroponic plants represent the Water element, and they are best complemented with blue or transparent glass vases, for instance, snake plants.
4. **Fire – Red, Purple:**
Plants that bloom or bear fruits, like hibiscus or orchids, should be chosen with red flowers and containers to represent the Fire element.
5. **Earth – Yellow, Brown:**
Shade-tolerant indoor plants, such as cacti, are representative of the Earth element and can be paired with black or gemstone-decorated containers.
**Selection of Auspicious Plants:**
In Feng Shui, plants are categorized into auspicious and inauspicious types based on specific criteria. Inauspicious plants include those with toxic or irritant substances, such as night-blooming jasmine, which emits a strong, irritating odor detrimental to individuals with heart disease or high blood pressure. Additionally, plants with abnormal growth patterns, like bent or deformed shapes, are considered inauspicious unless they possess unique ornamental value.
**Planting Location:**
1. **Avoid Planting Trees in the Center of the Courtyard:**
Planting trees in the center forms the character “困,” suggesting a hidden meaning. Large trees obstruct ventilation, impede fresh air circulation between the house and the courtyard, and can lead to excess moisture and harmful gases. Furthermore, the robust root system of large trees can damage the flat courtyard, affecting the stability of the house foundation.
2. **Avoid Leaning Trees in Front of the House:**
Leaning trees indicate specific sunlight angles, causing the growth direction of the trees to become fixed. Over time, the trunk may not support the branches, posing a safety hazard.
3. **Avoid Dead Trees in Front of the House:**
The presence of dead or withered trees suggests soil problems in the area, making it unsuitable for long-term residence. Additionally, dead trees in front of the house can evoke negative emotions and affect the overall aesthetics and hygiene.
4. **Avoid Trees Too Close to Windows:**
While trees outside the window can provide refreshing views and natural sunlight, they should not be too close. Ideally, trees in front of windows should be at least two meters away, maintaining a friendly distance between the residence and the trees.
**Number of Plants:**
In Feng Shui, it is advised to have a well-balanced layout. If the layout is not spacious enough, excessive tree planting is discouraged, as it may enhance the Yin energy. However, if there are empty spaces behind and on both sides, dense planting is recommended to fill the gaps.
**Auspicious Tree Species:**
1. **Palm Tree:**
Evergreen throughout the year, with an upright posture, symbolizing prosperity and financial protection in Feng Shui.
2. **Money Tree:**
Thick, brightly colored leaves resembling ancient Chinese currency, the money tree represents wealth and abundance, symbolizing prosperity and opulence.
3. **Orange Tree:**
The sound of “橘” in Chinese sounds similar to “吉” (good fortune), symbolizing auspiciousness. The fruit’s red and yellow hues are festive, and potted citrus trees are essential decorations during the Chinese New Year. Orange leaves have the function of soothing the liver and relieving depression, bringing joy to the household.
4. **Chinese Toon Tree:**
“In ancient times, there was a great Chinese toon tree, living for eight thousand years as if a single autumn,” making it a symbol of longevity. In modern times, the Chinese toon tree represents protection for the home and longevity.
5. **Locust Tree:**
With its sturdy wood, representing “禄” (wealth) in ancient Chinese society, locust trees were vital in the Three Locusts and Nine Thorns ritual in the royal court. Officials and ministers sat under locust trees; the one facing three locust trees became a high-ranking official. Therefore, the locust tree is the pinnacle of various trees, symbolizing protection for the home.
6. **Osmanthus Tree:**
“The osmanthus falls amidst the moon, the heavenly fragrance floats beyond the clouds.” Osmanthus symbolizes nobility, and its fragrance freshens the air during summer, acting as a natural air purifier. The word “桂” sounds like “贵” (noble), signifying wealth and prosperity.
7. **Plum Blossom Tree:**
The plum tree is adaptable to various soil types, and its five-petal flowers represent the five fortunes. It is also believed to elevate one’s luck and fortune, making it an essential plant for family prosperity.
8. **Banyan Tree:**
“Having tolerance is greatness, and firmness is the essence of virtue.” Residents take this tree as a motivation to cultivate themselves and enhance their moral character.
9. **Pomegranate Tree:**
The red pomegranate flower symbolizes vitality and energy. The abundant blossoms rejuvenate the spirit, and since ancient times, pomegranates have represented fertility and wealth.
10. **Chinese Crabapple Tree:**
The elegant flowers of the Chinese crabapple represent noble qualities, signifying prosperity, and auspiciousness.
**Rocks and Mountains:**
Rocks serve as the finishing touch in a courtyard, exuding unparalleled natural charm and resonating
with the environment. “A rock falls silently into a deep valley, resonating with the heavens, representing eternal life.”
1. **Single Peak and Waterfall:**
In ancient times, a waterfall was often found on a single peak, forming a unique image called “single peak and waterfall.” It symbolizes the unyielding spirit and perseverance, signifying the pursuit of one’s goals despite facing difficulties.
2. **Double Peaks and Waterfall:**
When two peaks and a waterfall are present, it forms the image of “double peaks and waterfall.” Double peaks signify strong support, representing cooperation and mutual assistance. The two peaks stand tall and straight, suggesting continuous progress and prosperity.
3. **Lofty Mountains and Towering Peaks:**
Lofty mountains and towering peaks are praised in ancient poetry, symbolizing a broad mind and extraordinary ambition, signifying continuous progress and unyielding spirit.
4. **Eroded Rocks and Deep Valleys:**
Eroded rocks and deep valleys symbolize hardships and challenges in life. However, facing these difficulties with determination can lead to ultimate success.
5. **Smooth Rocks and Flowing Water:**
Smooth rocks and flowing water represent ease and comfort in life. The clear water flows gently, and the smooth rocks indicate a peaceful and harmonious life.
**Water Features:**
Water is an essential element in Feng Shui, representing wealth and abundance. The flow of water, whether in the form of fountains, ponds, or streams, is believed to bring positive energy and prosperity.
1. **Lotus Pond:**
The lotus pond is a classic symbol of purity and enlightenment. The lotus flower blooms in muddy water but remains untainted, symbolizing spiritual enlightenment, purity, and rebirth. It is also associated with good fortune and positive energy.
2. **Koi Pond:**
Koi fish are symbols of perseverance, strength, and prosperity in Chinese culture. Having a koi pond in the courtyard is believed to bring wealth and success. The lively and colorful koi fish swimming in clear water create a harmonious and vibrant atmosphere.
3. **Waterfall:**
Waterfalls symbolize strength and power. The sound of falling water is soothing and calming, promoting a sense of peace and tranquility. Waterfalls are often incorporated into Feng Shui designs to attract positive energy and enhance the overall ambiance of the courtyard.
4. **Flowing Stream:**
A flowing stream represents continuous progress and prosperity. The gentle flow of water signifies smooth and steady growth in various aspects of life. A meandering stream adds a touch of natural beauty and serenity to the courtyard.
5. **Fountain:**
Fountains are popular additions to courtyards for their aesthetic appeal and the sound of flowing water, which creates a relaxing ambiance. A fountain in the courtyard symbolizes wealth, abundance, and good fortune.
**Conclusion:**
In summary, the design and layout of a courtyard in accordance with Feng Shui principles are deeply rooted in ancient Chinese philosophy and cultural beliefs. By harmonizing natural elements such as plants, rocks, and water features, a Feng Shui courtyard not only enhances the aesthetics of the space but also promotes positive energy, prosperity, and well-being for the residents. The careful selection and arrangement of plants, along with the incorporation of auspicious symbols and natural elements, contribute to the creation of a harmonious and balanced environment in the courtyard, reflecting the rich heritage of Chinese culture and Feng Shui traditions.
